The Disconnection Event

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A phone number typically becomes "disconnected" when a subscriber terminates their service. This can happen for various reasons:

Voluntary Disconnection: The subscriber actively cancels their service (e.g., switching carriers, no longer needing the line).
Involuntary Disconnection: The service provider disconnects the number due to non-payment, violation of terms of service, or extended inactivity.
Porting Out: When a subscriber moves their number to a new carrier, the old carrier will disconnect the number from their service, though it remains active with the new provider.
At the moment of disconnection, the number japan phone number list ceases to be actively associated with a subscriber and cannot be used for outgoing or incoming calls/messages. Callers to a disconnected number will typically hear a message indicating that the number is no longer in service.

The Quarantine (Aging) Period
After disconnection, a phone number doesn't immediately become available for reuse. Instead, it enters a "quarantine" or "aging" period. This holding period is mandated by regulatory bodies (like the FCC in the U.S.) and typically lasts a minimum of 45 days, though some carriers or regions might extend it to 90 days or even longer (e.g., 6 months in Australia if disconnected due to nuisance calls). The purpose of this quarantine period is multifaceted:

Preventing Misdirected Calls: It allows time for the previous owner's contacts to update their records, reducing the chance of sensitive or private calls going to a new, unintended recipient.
Reducing Robocalls/Spam: It helps mitigate the risk of automated callers inadvertently reaching new subscribers who haven't consented to receive calls intended for the previous owner.
Allowing for Reconnection: In some cases, the former subscriber might be able to reclaim their number within this period, especially if the disconnection was unintentional or temporary.
During this period, the number is not assigned to any subscriber.